Glossary · Codex Latin

Expressio unius est exclusio alterius

to express one thing is to exclude the other

Where the phrase comes from

A canon of interpretation used on statutes and contracts. A list that names A and B can imply that C was left out on purpose.

What lawyers are pointing at

The canon is a guide. It yields when the text shows the list was a set of examples ('including'), when a later clause covers the leftover case, or when the exclusion would defeat the purpose the instrument states. Lawyers who treat the canon as automatic over-read lists. The honest use is to ask whether the drafter was closing the set or illustrating it.

The same shape in code

An allow-list of HTTP methods is a closed set. GET and POST on the list do not smuggle in PATCH. If you meant examples, write 'including' and keep a default. A middleware that invents the missing method because the canon feels harsh has stopped reading the list.

A concrete picture

A lease says the tenant may keep 'one dog or one cat.' A pony is not a close case of dog or cat. The list did the excluding.

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